Summary Writing [0990/12, March 2022]

 

Text B: Tigers in captivity

This text comes from the website of a conservation organisation.

Largest of all cats, the tiger is one of the most threatened species on Earth. These

beautiful cats are threatened by growing human populations, loss of habitat, illegal

hunting (of both tigers and their prey species) and expanded trade in tiger parts used

as traditional medicines.

At approximately 13,000, the global population of captive tigers is much higher than

the estimated 3,900 tigers remaining in the wild and provides a false sense of security.

A high proportion of these captive tigers are privately owned and living in people’s

backyards and apartments, roadside attractions, and private breeding facilities, whilst

the number of tigers in brutal tiger farms has escalated rapidly in recent years. We

believe the current scale of captive breeding operations within tiger farms is a significant

obstacle to the protection and recovery of wild tiger populations, as they undermine

and complicate enforcement efforts and help to perpetuate demand for tiger parts and

products.

Only a small percentage of the captive tiger population resides in licensed zoos. Many

private tiger owners are not properly trained to care for wild animals, making the animals

vulnerable. Often, these facilities will allow public contact with the tigers, including

exploitation such as photo opportunities and playtime with tiger cubs. Not only is the

welfare of these tigers compromised, but public health and safety is at risk during these

encounters.

Public encounters with tiger cubs are popular and incredibly lucrative for many tiger

facilities, providing a strong incentive to breed captive tigers to maintain a continuous

supply of cubs for entertainment. However, these tigers are often inbred, which can

cause birth defects and health issues, making them unsuitable for introduction to the

wild. Reintroduction efforts could, however, include translocation of individuals from

existing wild tiger populations in order to create new viable breeding populations. Given

adequate protections, we hope that tiger numbers will continue to increase across their

natural range but conservation efforts need to be focused on recovering these wild

populations.

We are calling on governments to commit to phasing out tiger farms and instituting clear

bans on trade in tigers and their parts and products, from any source.


Question

(f)     According to Text B, what should we find concerning about tigers being kept in captivity? You must use continuous writing (not note form) and use your own words as far as possible. Your summary should not be more than 120 words.

 

Up to 10 marks are available for the content of your answer and up to 5 marks for the quality of your writing.


Answers

1       particularly threatened species / (one of the most) endangered species

 

2       much larger number in captivity than in the wild

3       makes us think species is safer than it is / creates the sense tigers are safe when they are not

4       inadequate space / unsuitable accommodation / living in backyards and apartments / not in natural habitat

5       tiger farms / forced breeding in captivity / huge scale of captive breeding

6       enforcement efforts are being complicated / cannot prove whether or not the tiger has come from the wild / undermining of efforts to protect tigers in the wild

 

7       demand for tiger parts and products

8       only a small percentage kept in licensed zoos

9       owners often not trained to care properly for tigers / tigers are more vulnerable due to poor care / poor treatment compromises welfare of tigers

 

10    exploitation / used as photo opportunities / playing with cubs / tigers used for human entertainment

11    potential danger to the public / health and safety of humans

12    inbreeding / birth defects / cubs unsuitable for introduction to wild / cubs with health issues

13    lack of focus on recovering wild populations / not looking at translocation / should be looking to create viable breeding populations for reintroduction to wild

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